The family Astylosternidae comprises a group of stream-associated frogs endemic to Central and West Africa, primarily inhabiting highland forests and montane streams. These frogs are adapted to larval development in flowing waters, a characteristic that distinguishes them from many other amphibians. Astylosternidae species are typically small to medium-sized, with robust bodies, granular skin, and distinctive toe structures. They are often terrestrial as adults, emerging from their aquatic larval stages to live in moist, forested environments. Due to their specialized habitat requirements, many species within this family are considered threatened, facing pressures from habitat loss, climate change, and pollution. Conservation efforts are crucial to protect these unique amphibians and their ecosystems.