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| Subspecies: | Unknown |
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| Est. World Population: | |
| CITES Status: | NOT LISTED |
| IUCN Status: | Vulnerable |
| U.S. ESA Status: | NOT LISTED |
| Body Length: | |
| Tail Length: | |
| Shoulder Height: | |
| Weight: | |
| Top Speed: | |
| Jumping Ability: | (Horizontal) |
| Life Span: | in the Wild |
| Life Span: | in Captivity |
| Sexual Maturity: | (Females) |
| Sexual Maturity: | (Males) |
| Litter Size: | |
| Gestation Period: | |
Habitat:
This species inhabits evergreen broadleaf forests, and breeds in slow-flowing streams by larval development. Adults are largely terrestrial, and are most often found residing in forest areas near the lower portion of mountain streams, where the stream is wider and the flow is more gentle. During the breeding season, adults flock to the streams and are found under rocks. Females lay approximately 167 eggs, and the eggs adhere to the bottom of the rocks. Tadpoles mostly inhabit streams with gentle flow and many stones, hiding under stones or decaying leaves during the day, and becoming more active at night. Tadpoles are thought to take at least a year to complete metamorphosis, and the average age at first reproduction is estimated to be 2-3 years (D.-Q. Rao pers. comm. June 2019).
Range:
This species is restricted to Jingdong, Shuangbai, and Xingping Counties, in southwestern Yunnan Province, China. It occurs at elevations ranging from 1,800–2,450 m asl. This species may occur further north and south of the current mapped range (D.-Q. Rao pers. comm. June 2019). Its extent of occurrence (EOO) is 16,531 km2.
Conservation:
Conservation Actions In-Place
Most of this species' range lies within protected areas, including the Wulianshan and Ailaoshan National Nature Reserves. This species is on the "List of Beneficial or of Important Economic or Scientific Value Terrestrial Wild Animals under States Protection", under the protection of the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Wildlife", which provides a moderate degree of protection and makes it illegal to collect (China Red List Assessment Workshop June 2019).
Conservation Actions Needed
Improved enforcement of the ban on collecting this and other protected species from both protected and unprotected areas is required to halt and reverse the decline of this species. Continued and strengthened management of protected area(s) where this species occurs, and expanded protection of forest elsewhere in its range is also needed. Additionally, it is recommended that public outreach and awareness programs be established to help reduce collection of this species.
Research Needed
Further research is needed to determine the cause of the population declines, and to better understand the current population size and distribution.
Most of this species' range lies within protected areas, including the Wulianshan and Ailaoshan National Nature Reserves. This species is on the "List of Beneficial or of Important Economic or Scientific Value Terrestrial Wild Animals under States Protection", under the protection of the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Wildlife", which provides a moderate degree of protection and makes it illegal to collect (China Red List Assessment Workshop June 2019).
Conservation Actions Needed
Improved enforcement of the ban on collecting this and other protected species from both protected and unprotected areas is required to halt and reverse the decline of this species. Continued and strengthened management of protected area(s) where this species occurs, and expanded protection of forest elsewhere in its range is also needed. Additionally, it is recommended that public outreach and awareness programs be established to help reduce collection of this species.
Research Needed
Further research is needed to determine the cause of the population declines, and to better understand the current population size and distribution.