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| Subspecies: | Unknown |
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| Est. World Population: | |
| CITES Status: | NOT LISTED |
| IUCN Status: | Near Threatened |
| U.S. ESA Status: | NOT LISTED |
| Body Length: | |
| Tail Length: | |
| Shoulder Height: | |
| Weight: | |
| Top Speed: | |
| Jumping Ability: | (Horizontal) |
| Life Span: | in the Wild |
| Life Span: | in Captivity |
| Sexual Maturity: | (Females) |
| Sexual Maturity: | (Males) |
| Litter Size: | |
| Gestation Period: | |
Habitat:
This species is associated with permanent and semi-permanent streams, but individuals can also be found in mountain lakes and ponds. Adults are often found under cover of rocks and logs in humid forests near mountain streams, or along the rocky shores of mountain lakes (Stebbins 1985, Green et al. 2014). Breeding is by larval development, and takes place in subterranean crevices, fissures, and crannies in running water. Younger larvae are usually found in slower moving streams near the shoreline, while older larvae occur in the main stream channel. Larvae often hide under rocks, cobble, and other objects within the stream. Neotenic individuals that retain their external gills into adulthood are found in many subpopulations (Green et al. 2014).
Range:
This species occurs in the central Pacific Coastal region of California, from around Monterey Bay in Monterey County north to Anchor Bay in southern Mendocino County. It is found at elevations between sea level and 900 m asl (Petranka 1998, Green et al. 2014). Its extent of occurrence (EOO) is 27,830 km2.
Conservation:
Conservation Actions In-Place
This species occurs in numerous protected areas. It is listed as a species of concern in the states of Oregon and Washington. It was proposed for listing under the Endangered Species Act, but was denied candidacy in 2015 (Foster and Olson 2014, USFWS 2015).
In an effort to prevent the introduction of Bsal into the US, an Interim Rule of the Lacey Act has been enacted that bans the importation of 201 species of salamanders (USFWS 2016). Additionally, a temporary voluntary trade moratorium of imports of Asian salamander species that are known to carry the disease until such time as effective testing and treatment regimens can be developed and distributed has been recommended to all exporters, shippers, sellers and buyers by the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council (PIJAC). A North America Bsal Task Force has also been created, with working groups designed to address a variety of disease prevention and mitigation goals (North America Bsal Task Force 2021).
Conservation Needed
Continued and strengthened management of protected area(s) where this species occurs, and expanded protection of suitable habitat elsewhere in its range is needed.
Research Needed
More information is needed on this species' distribution, population status, ecology, and threats. Specifically, studies are needed to obtain information on its susceptibility to chytrid fungus.
This species occurs in numerous protected areas. It is listed as a species of concern in the states of Oregon and Washington. It was proposed for listing under the Endangered Species Act, but was denied candidacy in 2015 (Foster and Olson 2014, USFWS 2015).
In an effort to prevent the introduction of Bsal into the US, an Interim Rule of the Lacey Act has been enacted that bans the importation of 201 species of salamanders (USFWS 2016). Additionally, a temporary voluntary trade moratorium of imports of Asian salamander species that are known to carry the disease until such time as effective testing and treatment regimens can be developed and distributed has been recommended to all exporters, shippers, sellers and buyers by the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council (PIJAC). A North America Bsal Task Force has also been created, with working groups designed to address a variety of disease prevention and mitigation goals (North America Bsal Task Force 2021).
Conservation Needed
Continued and strengthened management of protected area(s) where this species occurs, and expanded protection of suitable habitat elsewhere in its range is needed.
Research Needed
More information is needed on this species' distribution, population status, ecology, and threats. Specifically, studies are needed to obtain information on its susceptibility to chytrid fungus.