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| Subspecies: | Unknown |
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| Est. World Population: | |
| CITES Status: | NOT LISTED |
| IUCN Status: | Least Concern |
| U.S. ESA Status: | NOT LISTED |
| Body Length: | |
| Tail Length: | |
| Shoulder Height: | |
| Weight: | |
| Top Speed: | |
| Jumping Ability: | (Horizontal) |
| Life Span: | in the Wild |
| Life Span: | in Captivity |
| Sexual Maturity: | (Females) |
| Sexual Maturity: | (Males) |
| Litter Size: | |
| Gestation Period: | |
Habitat:
This species inhabits forests, woodlands, and grasslands. It is primarily terrestrial and often found under surface cover (Behler and King 1979, Green et al. 2014). This species breeds by direct development.
Range:
This species is endemic to California in the United States, where its revised range stretches from northern Sonoma and Napa counties north into southern Humboldt County near Cape Mendocino and Larabee Creek, east to the interior edge of the Coast Ranges. Subpopulations along the margins of the Coast Ranges in western Tehama and Glenn counties require further morphological and genetic analyses to determine their identity, and are possibly assignable to Aneides iecanus (Reilly and Wake 2019). This species is thought to occur from sea level to approximately 1,700 m asl (Stebbins 1985).
The subpopulations from south of the main range on the San Francisco Peninsula, south and west of San Francisco Bay, that were previously assigned to this species are now assigned to A. niger. Those in Shasta County have been assigned to A. iecanus, and those from extreme southeastern Oregon south through Del Norte and Humboldt counties to the Van Duzen River have been assigned to A. klamathensis. The identity of specimens from the western margin of the Sacramento Valley and south has not been determined.
The subpopulations from south of the main range on the San Francisco Peninsula, south and west of San Francisco Bay, that were previously assigned to this species are now assigned to A. niger. Those in Shasta County have been assigned to A. iecanus, and those from extreme southeastern Oregon south through Del Norte and Humboldt counties to the Van Duzen River have been assigned to A. klamathensis. The identity of specimens from the western margin of the Sacramento Valley and south has not been determined.
Conservation:
Conservation Actions In-Place
The range of this species overlaps several protected areas, although its presence has not yet been confirmed.
In an effort to prevent the introduction of Bsal into the US, an Interim Rule of the Lacey Act has been enacted that bans the importation of 201 species of salamanders (USFWS 2016). Additionally, a temporary voluntary trade moratorium of imports of Asian salamander species that are known to carry the disease until such time as effective testing and treatment regimens can be developed and distributed has been recommended to all exporters, shippers, sellers and buyers by the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council (PIJAC). A North America Bsal Task Force has also been created, with working groups designed to address a variety of disease prevention and mitigation goals (North America Bsal Task Force 2021).
Research Needed
Further taxonomic research is required to fully delineate the range of this species.
The range of this species overlaps several protected areas, although its presence has not yet been confirmed.
In an effort to prevent the introduction of Bsal into the US, an Interim Rule of the Lacey Act has been enacted that bans the importation of 201 species of salamanders (USFWS 2016). Additionally, a temporary voluntary trade moratorium of imports of Asian salamander species that are known to carry the disease until such time as effective testing and treatment regimens can be developed and distributed has been recommended to all exporters, shippers, sellers and buyers by the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council (PIJAC). A North America Bsal Task Force has also been created, with working groups designed to address a variety of disease prevention and mitigation goals (North America Bsal Task Force 2021).
Research Needed
Further taxonomic research is required to fully delineate the range of this species.