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| Subspecies: | Unknown |
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| Est. World Population: | |
| CITES Status: | NOT LISTED |
| IUCN Status: | Endangered |
| U.S. ESA Status: | NOT LISTED |
| Body Length: | |
| Tail Length: | |
| Shoulder Height: | |
| Weight: | |
| Top Speed: | |
| Jumping Ability: | (Horizontal) |
| Life Span: | in the Wild |
| Life Span: | in Captivity |
| Sexual Maturity: | (Females) |
| Sexual Maturity: | (Males) |
| Litter Size: | |
| Gestation Period: | |
Habitat:
This species primarily inhabits tributary canyons or ravines at the base of north-facing slopes within pine-oak woodland. These areas are largely dominated by foothill pine, Live Oak, sycamore, California Buckeye, Fremont Cottonwood, and willow, and receive little to no direct sunlight during the winter. Individuals are often found in crevices in talus slopes or under rocks, logs, and moist leaf litter. Natural seeps, some along road cuts, also seem to support subpopulations (C. Evelyn pers. comm. August 2021). At higher elevations, this species is associated with talus (Green et al. 2014). It breeds by direct development.
Range:
This species is known from a number of sites in the lower Kern River Canyon, Kern County, California, at the southern end of the Sierra Nevada mountain range in the USA. It occurs at elevations between 330–1,920 m asl (Green et al. 2014). Subpopulations in the vicinity of Fairview, Tulare County in the Upper Kern River Canyon that were previously assigned to Batrachoseps simatus are now allocated to B. bramei. Similarly, subpopulations from Breckenridge Mountain that were tentatively assigned to this species by Stebbins (1985) are now recognized as B. relictus (Jockusch et al. 2012). Its extent of occurrence (EOO) is 290 km2. It is considered to occur in five or fewer locations based on the threat of livestock even in protected areas, as well as climate change.
Conservation:
Conservation Actions In-Place
Most of this species' known occurrences fall on public lands administered by the Sequoia National Forest. This species is listed as Threatened by the State of California, as a Species of Concern by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and as a Sensitive Species by the U.S. Forest Service (Green et al. 2014).
In an effort to prevent the introduction of Bsal into the US, an Interim Rule of the Lacey Act has been enacted that bans the importation of 201 species of salamanders (USFWS 2016). Additionally, a temporary voluntary trade moratorium of imports of Asian salamander species that are known to carry the disease until such time as effective testing and treatment regimens can be developed and distributed has been recommended to all exporters, shippers, sellers and buyers by the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council (PIJAC). A North America Bsal Task Force has also been created, with working groups designed to address a variety of disease prevention and mitigation goals (North America Bsal Task Force 2021).
Conservation Needed
Continued and strengthened management of protected area(s) where this species occurs, and expanded protection of suitable habitat elsewhere in its range is needed.
Research Needed
More information is needed on this species' distribution, population status, and threats. There is a need for monitoring the population status of this species given the threats of agriculture and climate change.
Most of this species' known occurrences fall on public lands administered by the Sequoia National Forest. This species is listed as Threatened by the State of California, as a Species of Concern by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and as a Sensitive Species by the U.S. Forest Service (Green et al. 2014).
In an effort to prevent the introduction of Bsal into the US, an Interim Rule of the Lacey Act has been enacted that bans the importation of 201 species of salamanders (USFWS 2016). Additionally, a temporary voluntary trade moratorium of imports of Asian salamander species that are known to carry the disease until such time as effective testing and treatment regimens can be developed and distributed has been recommended to all exporters, shippers, sellers and buyers by the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council (PIJAC). A North America Bsal Task Force has also been created, with working groups designed to address a variety of disease prevention and mitigation goals (North America Bsal Task Force 2021).
Conservation Needed
Continued and strengthened management of protected area(s) where this species occurs, and expanded protection of suitable habitat elsewhere in its range is needed.
Research Needed
More information is needed on this species' distribution, population status, and threats. There is a need for monitoring the population status of this species given the threats of agriculture and climate change.