Madeira Mushroomtongue Salamander - Bolitoglossa madeira
( Brcko, Hoogmoed & Neckel-Oliveira, 2013 )

 

 

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Subspecies: Unknown
Est. World Population:

CITES Status: NOT LISTED
IUCN Status: Data Deficient
U.S. ESA Status: NOT LISTED

Body Length:
Tail Length:
Shoulder Height:
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Top Speed:
Jumping Ability: (Horizontal)

Life Span: in the Wild
Life Span: in Captivity

Sexual Maturity: (Females)
Sexual Maturity: (Males)
Litter Size:
Gestation Period:

Habitat:
This species occurs in lowland rainforest along the Madeira river in the Amazonia biome (Marçal et al. 2011). Congeners typically require very specific humidity levels. Because this species has only been found along the Rio Madeira, it is likely that this species requires the humidity the river provides and is therefore unlikely to occur far from its banks (I.F. Machado pers. comm. 2022).

Individuals are active at night and can be found on leaves of vegetation between 0.7 and 1.5 m above the ground (Brcko et al. 2013). The diet of this species consists mainly of invertebrates (Marçal et al. 2011). Similar to most of its congeners, this species likely lays eggs which develop directly into metamorphosed juveniles (Wiens et al. 2007).

Range:
This Brazilian endemic species occurs in the north-western part of the state of Rondônia, where it has been recorded in the municipality of Porto Velho (Brcko et al. 2013). It is known from two sites on the left bank of the Rio Madeira: the type locality (ca. 40 m from the water) and 40 km upriver is the second known locality (ca. 100 m from the water). The species has been recorded between 78-155 m asl. Surveys on the right bank of the Rio Madeira did not record the species. However, the species probably occurs between the two known sites. It may also occur both upstream and downstream of these two sites, along the same left bank of the river.

Conservation:
Conservation Actions In-Place
The type locality is not within a protected area. About 23 km of river bank downstream of the second locality is within the the Parque Nacional Mapinguari and the Estação Ecológica Serra Dos Três Irmãos. Thus, about half of the river bank between these two sites receives protection from urban and agricultural development, but not from flooding. 

About 119 km of river bank upstream of the second locality is also within the Parque Nacional Mapinguari. However, the banks around the Jirau dam, including the site of the second known locality, are excluded from these protected areas. 

Conservation Needed
Retaining the existing protection of the banks of Rio Madeira will be critical to protecting sites where the species might occur. The species should be included in the National Action Plan for the Conservation of Threatened Herpetofauna (Machado et al. 2021).

Research Needed
Surveys should be prioritised for the area between the two known sites and within the nearby protected areas to determine whether the species is still extant and whether it might occur more widely. 

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