This species can be found in low swampy areas, margins of pine savannah ponds, and bottomland forests. Individuals often hide under logs or other debris during the day. In Alabama, peaks in terrestrial activity coincide with late fall-early winter rains (Trauth 1983). This species lays eggs in seepage areas or near the edge of shallow ponds on undersides of logs or leaves, under or on sphagnum or pine needles, or on rootlets beneath logs. Wray et al. (2017) note that "[...] unlike other Eurycea which breed in lotic (¼ flowing) aquatic habitats [...] E. quadridigitata breeds exclusively in lentic habitats."

This species was previously considered to occur on the Coastal Plain of the USA from the northern border of North Carolina - with a disjunctive population in western South Carolina - south to Lake Okeechobee, Florida, and west to eastern Texas (Conant and Collins 1991). Wray et al. (2017) re-delineated this species following their analysis of the Eurycea quadridigitata group. It is now thought to occur from southeastern North Carolina, through only the eastern half of South Carolina, south throughout Florida and portions of Alabama, and a disjunct subpopulation west in extreme southeastern Louisiana, noting that further work may detect the species in the coastal cypress wetlands of southern Alabama and Mississippi. 

Records previously recognized as this species in Mississippi, parts of Alabama and part of the Florida panhandle have been allocated to Eurycea sphagnicola (Wray et al. 2017). Subpopulations from eastern Texas into portions of southern Arkansas, most of Louisiana, and eastern Mississippi belong to E. paludicola and those from the southern half of Alabama, with the exception of the Mobile Bay region and near the Florida border, eastward into Georgia to the western edge of the Ogeechee River Basin, and between the Chipola and Choctawhatchee rivers of the central Florida Panhandle belong to E. hillisi (Wray et al. 2017, Frost 2021).

Conservation Actions In-Place
This species likely occurs in several protected areas.

In an effort to prevent the introduction of Bsal into the US, an Interim Rule of the Lacey Act has been enacted that bans the importation of 201 species of salamanders (USFWS 2016). Additionally, a temporary voluntary trade moratorium of imports of Asian salamander species that are known to carry the disease until such time as effective testing and treatment regimens can be developed and distributed has been recommended to all exporters, shippers, sellers and buyers by the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council (PIJAC). A North America Bsal Task Force has also been created, with working groups designed to address a variety of disease prevention and mitigation goals (North America Bsal Task Force 2021).