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| Subspecies: | Unknown |
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| Est. World Population: | |
| CITES Status: | NOT LISTED |
| IUCN Status: | Endangered |
| U.S. ESA Status: | NOT LISTED |
| Body Length: | |
| Tail Length: | |
| Shoulder Height: | |
| Weight: | |
| Top Speed: | |
| Jumping Ability: | (Horizontal) |
| Life Span: | in the Wild |
| Life Span: | in Captivity |
| Sexual Maturity: | (Females) |
| Sexual Maturity: | (Males) |
| Litter Size: | |
| Gestation Period: | |
Habitat:
This species is associated with rocky talus slopes in areas of dense mature and late-seral forest (Welsh and Lind 1995, Bury 1998, Ollivier et al. 2001). The largest subpopulations are found in heavily wooded areas on north-facing slopes with rocky talus (Green et al. 2014). Individuals are primarily found in talus and rocky soils, and are occasionally found under logs, leaf litter, and other cover if talus is nearby (Nussbaum et al. 1983, Bury 1998, Bury and Welsh 2005, Green et al. 2014). This species has also been recorded from disturbed areas such as rock quarries, log landings, road and skid road cutbanks and fill-slopes (NatureServe 2020). It breeds by direct development, and lays its eggs in cavities within talus. Females are thought to lay a clutch of 2-18 eggs every other year (Nussbaum et al. 1983).
Range:
This species is restricted to the Siskiyou Mountains in the upper Klamath River watershed of Northern California and the adjacent Applegate River watershed in Southwest Oregon (Green et al. 2014). In Oregon, it is found at elevations of 490–1,463 m asl (Leonard et al. 1993). Its extent of occurrence (EOO) is 2,706 km2.
Conservation:
Conservation Actions In-Place
A majority of this species' range falls on federal land, including the Rogue River and Klamath National Forests and Medford District of the Bureau of Land Management. With regard to the threat of timber harvesting, when a Timber Harvesting Plan (THP) is proposed within the range of Plethodon stormi, consultation with CDFW is required under the Forest Practice Rules (FPR). This process is designed to provide measures necessary to avoid incidental take. Potential measures taken include restrictions on timber harvesting operations where P. stormi or suitable habitat is present, establishing buffer zones around the habitat (25-100 feet, depending on silvicultural methods) where heavy equipment is excluded, and/or canopy retention requirements within habitat areas. To avoid direct conflict with P. stormi, operations adjacent to buffer zones are limited to dry, hot periods when individuals are not active or near the surface of the ground. New roads, skid trails, stacking logs, stationing equipment, or any other disturbance to habitat is restricted (NatureServe 2020). This species was considered for federal listing under the Endangered Species Act, but to date has been denied pending additional information on the severity of threats. It is listed as a species of Special Concern by both Oregon and California, and is listed as a Survey and Manage Species under the Northwest Forest Plan. This listing stipulates that ground-disturbing activities are not permitted in areas where this species occurs, or within a 33 m buffer zone established around suitable habitat (Green et al. 2014).
In an effort to prevent the introduction of Bsal into the US, an Interim Rule of the Lacey Act has been enacted that bans the importation of 201 species of salamanders (USFWS 2016). Additionally, a temporary voluntary trade moratorium of imports of Asian salamander species that are known to carry the disease until such time as effective testing and treatment regimens can be developed and distributed has been recommended to all exporters, shippers, sellers and buyers by the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council (PIJAC). A North America Bsal Task Force has also been created, with working groups designed to address a variety of disease prevention and mitigation goals (North America Bsal Task Force 2021).
Conservation Needed
Continued and strengthened management of protected are(s where this species occurs, and expanded protection of suitable habitat elsewhere in its range is needed.
Research Needed
More information is needed on this species' population status and threats. Additionally, specific research on the short-term effects of different fire severity (low, moderate, high) on the species' overall population and long-term persistence is recommended, as the frequency and severity of fire behaviour has changed after decades of fire suppression and now climate change (J. Jones pers. comm. 2017, NatureServe 2020). There is a need for monitoring the population status of this species given the threats of habitat loss and degradation due to timber harvesting, natural fire suppression and the impact of prescribed burns and climate change.
A majority of this species' range falls on federal land, including the Rogue River and Klamath National Forests and Medford District of the Bureau of Land Management. With regard to the threat of timber harvesting, when a Timber Harvesting Plan (THP) is proposed within the range of Plethodon stormi, consultation with CDFW is required under the Forest Practice Rules (FPR). This process is designed to provide measures necessary to avoid incidental take. Potential measures taken include restrictions on timber harvesting operations where P. stormi or suitable habitat is present, establishing buffer zones around the habitat (25-100 feet, depending on silvicultural methods) where heavy equipment is excluded, and/or canopy retention requirements within habitat areas. To avoid direct conflict with P. stormi, operations adjacent to buffer zones are limited to dry, hot periods when individuals are not active or near the surface of the ground. New roads, skid trails, stacking logs, stationing equipment, or any other disturbance to habitat is restricted (NatureServe 2020). This species was considered for federal listing under the Endangered Species Act, but to date has been denied pending additional information on the severity of threats. It is listed as a species of Special Concern by both Oregon and California, and is listed as a Survey and Manage Species under the Northwest Forest Plan. This listing stipulates that ground-disturbing activities are not permitted in areas where this species occurs, or within a 33 m buffer zone established around suitable habitat (Green et al. 2014).
In an effort to prevent the introduction of Bsal into the US, an Interim Rule of the Lacey Act has been enacted that bans the importation of 201 species of salamanders (USFWS 2016). Additionally, a temporary voluntary trade moratorium of imports of Asian salamander species that are known to carry the disease until such time as effective testing and treatment regimens can be developed and distributed has been recommended to all exporters, shippers, sellers and buyers by the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council (PIJAC). A North America Bsal Task Force has also been created, with working groups designed to address a variety of disease prevention and mitigation goals (North America Bsal Task Force 2021).
Conservation Needed
Continued and strengthened management of protected are(s where this species occurs, and expanded protection of suitable habitat elsewhere in its range is needed.
Research Needed
More information is needed on this species' population status and threats. Additionally, specific research on the short-term effects of different fire severity (low, moderate, high) on the species' overall population and long-term persistence is recommended, as the frequency and severity of fire behaviour has changed after decades of fire suppression and now climate change (J. Jones pers. comm. 2017, NatureServe 2020). There is a need for monitoring the population status of this species given the threats of habitat loss and degradation due to timber harvesting, natural fire suppression and the impact of prescribed burns and climate change.