The family Pandionidae, belonging to the order Accipitriformes, is represented by a single extant species, the osprey (Pandion haliaetus). Ospreys are large, fish-eating raptors with a worldwide distribution, typically found near rivers, lakes, and coastal waters. They are uniquely adapted for piscivory, possessing reversible outer toes, spiny foot pads for gripping slippery fish, and specialized salt glands for excreting excess salt in marine environments. Ospreys build large stick nests in trees, on cliffs, or man-made structures, often returning to the same site year after year. As apex predators of aquatic ecosystems, they play a vital role in controlling fish populations and serve as indicators of environmental health.