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| Subspecies: | Unknown |
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| Est. World Population: | 15000-30000 |
| CITES Status: | NOT LISTED |
| IUCN Status: | Least Concern |
| U.S. ESA Status: | NOT LISTED |
| Body Length: | |
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| Top Speed: | |
| Jumping Ability: | (Horizontal) |
| Life Span: | in the Wild |
| Life Span: | in Captivity |
| Sexual Maturity: | (Females) |
| Sexual Maturity: | (Males) |
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Habitat:
Generally prefers shallow, freshwater bodies with marshy vegetation, but occurs in a variety of wetland habitats, including mountain lakes, small pools, mangroves, reservoirs, fishponds, streams and rivers, saltpans, and coastal waters such as estuaries and tidal creeks (BirdLife International 2001, Kear 2005).
Range:
Endemic to the Philippines, being recorded from all the major islands and several smaller islands. Records are mostly from Luzon and Mindanao. Records from Siquijor and the Sulus remain unsubstantiated. Currently important areas include Polillo Island (240 seen and c. 3,000 present in 1996), Subic Bay (600 in 1997), Magat dam (2000 seen in 2001), L. Malasi (1,320 in 2002 and 4,800 in Mar 2014), and San Roque dam (3,872 counted in Feb 2013), all on Luzon (Robson 2013, 2014, Carboneras and Kirwan 2020). The species also occurs as a vagrant to Taiwan and Japan (BirdLife International 2001, Uemura et al. 2019, eBird 2025).
Conservation:
Conservation Actions Underway
It is legally protected at five localities: Mt Iglit-Baco and Lake Naujan National Parks (Mindoro), Maria Aurora Memorial Natural Park and Bataan Natural Park/Subic Bay Forest Reserve (Luzon), and Olango Island (a Ramsar site). Candaba Marsh has been designated a protected area and two local conservation groups have been established as well as promotional materials (signs and a video documentary) (B. Tabaranza in litt. 2007). The Manleluag Spring National Park, Mangatarem, Pangasinan has been a Protected Landscape since 1940. At present, with the assistance of Haribon, the Local government of Mangatarem and the Protected Area Management Board of the park are proposing to expand the area of the park from 1,935 hectares to 4,240 hectares to include all the remaining tropical rainforests extending up to the boundary with Zambales Province. A government ban on firearms was imposed in 1972, although hunting continues. Conservation Actions Proposed
Establish standardised monitoring to confirm the population size and trends. Survey remaining wetland areas, especially around Polillo and Subic Bay. Conduct long-term ecological studies to establish management requirements. Afford protected status to key sites (e.g. Polillo and Candaba) and ensure hunting restrictions are enforced. Recreate natural marsh habitat at Candaba. Develop a management plan for the remaining wetland habitat at key sites including Lake Naujan. Conduct thorough threat assessment to determine other potential threats such as egg collecting. Research impact of hunting and social drivers for its continuation.
It is legally protected at five localities: Mt Iglit-Baco and Lake Naujan National Parks (Mindoro), Maria Aurora Memorial Natural Park and Bataan Natural Park/Subic Bay Forest Reserve (Luzon), and Olango Island (a Ramsar site). Candaba Marsh has been designated a protected area and two local conservation groups have been established as well as promotional materials (signs and a video documentary) (B. Tabaranza in litt. 2007). The Manleluag Spring National Park, Mangatarem, Pangasinan has been a Protected Landscape since 1940. At present, with the assistance of Haribon, the Local government of Mangatarem and the Protected Area Management Board of the park are proposing to expand the area of the park from 1,935 hectares to 4,240 hectares to include all the remaining tropical rainforests extending up to the boundary with Zambales Province. A government ban on firearms was imposed in 1972, although hunting continues. Conservation Actions Proposed
Establish standardised monitoring to confirm the population size and trends. Survey remaining wetland areas, especially around Polillo and Subic Bay. Conduct long-term ecological studies to establish management requirements. Afford protected status to key sites (e.g. Polillo and Candaba) and ensure hunting restrictions are enforced. Recreate natural marsh habitat at Candaba. Develop a management plan for the remaining wetland habitat at key sites including Lake Naujan. Conduct thorough threat assessment to determine other potential threats such as egg collecting. Research impact of hunting and social drivers for its continuation.