This migratory species is extremely gregarious, and typically nests in chimneys, though other structures such as hollow tree trunks can be used (del Hoyo et al. 1999, COSEWIC 2007, Zanchetta et al. 2014). Eggs have been recorded from May to July, though the precise timing varies slightly throughout its range. A clutch of two to seven eggs is laid, and extra-parental co-operation is well established. It is present in North America until September (del Hoyo et al. 1999). When breeding, this species is readily associated with urban environments, although it will forage over a range of habitat types. Main habitats include river-edge forest, the edge of tropical lowland evergreen forest and second-growth scrub. It can also be found along the coast in Peru, up to 3,000 m over irrigated farmland in western Andean valleys, and even in central city zones (del Hoyo et al. 1999). Spiders, along with Hymenoptera spp., Diptera spp. and other insects have been recorded in its diet (del Hoyo et al. 1999).

Chaetura pelagica breeds in eastern North America from southern Canada and to the Gulf Coast states of the USA, and occasionally in California and Arizona. It is a migratory species, wintering in eastern Ecuador, Peru, north-west Brazil and northern Chile (del Hoyo et al. 1999).

Conservation Actions Underway
Listed as a Threatened species in Canada (COSEWIC 2007). Populations continue to be monitored as part of the Breeding Birds Survey.

Conservation Actions Proposed
Research potential measures to prevent further population declines. Increase public awareness and encourage the preservation of chimneys suitable for nesting. Assess threats in South America.