It occurs at low densities in large, undisturbed blocks of level lowland forest, particularly freshwater and peat-swamp forests, on the floodplains of large rivers. It also frequents disturbed, recently burned and logged areas, and occasionally areas subject to tidal movements, although these may constitute suboptimal habitats and breeding records are confined to primary forest (Danielsen et al. 1997, Cheyne et al. 2014). It is generally solitary, but is occasionally found in small groups. Two eggs are usually laid and the chicks are able to fly after c. 90 days.

Historically this species was widespread through the Greater Sundas, where it occurred from the southernmost end of Peninsular Thailand and Myanmar, south through Peninsular Malaysia, and on Sumatra, Indonesia, and Borneo, where it is recorded from all states, including Brunei. It is now effectively extinct in Thailand, although sightings in neighbouring Lenya National Park, Myanmar, suggest birds may have the propensity to wander into Thai territory (e.g. Cutter et al. 2007). There are recent records from all other parts of the range, although the species occurs at a very low density and is nowhere numerous.

Conservation Actions Underway
Legally protected in Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia. This species occurs in numerous protected areas (UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2023), which combined protect over 11% of suitable habitat (see Singh et al. 2021).

Conservation Actions Proposed
Continue further surveys to determine its distribution, population and habitat requirements, particularly in Kalimantan (e.g. Cheyne et al. 2014). Establish further protected areas at sites supporting significant populations, including gazetting proposed reserves, particularly on Sumatra and in Kalimantan. Lobby for the cessation of logging in swamp-forests. Improve effectiveness of protection measures in protected areas in Indonesia.