The family Sittidae, commonly known as nuthatches, comprises small to medium-sized passerine birds found across much of the Northern Hemisphere, with some species in parts of Southeast Asia. Nuthatches are known for their compact bodies, strong bills, and short tails, and they are particularly remarkable for their ability to climb down trees headfirst, unlike most other birds. They primarily feed on insects, seeds, and nuts, often wedging food into bark crevices and hammering it open with their beaks. These birds typically nest in tree cavities, sometimes enlarging natural holes or old woodpecker nests. Nuthatches are generally territorial and vocal, producing a variety of calls for communication. Their agility, distinctive foraging behavior, and adaptability make them a familiar and ecologically important group in woodland ecosystems.