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| Subspecies: | Unknown |
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| Est. World Population: | 14000 |
| CITES Status: | NOT LISTED |
| IUCN Status: | Vulnerable |
| U.S. ESA Status: | NOT LISTED |
| Body Length: | |
| Tail Length: | |
| Shoulder Height: | |
| Weight: | |
| Top Speed: | |
| Jumping Ability: | (Horizontal) |
| Life Span: | in the Wild |
| Life Span: | in Captivity |
| Sexual Maturity: | (Females) |
| Sexual Maturity: | (Males) |
| Litter Size: | |
| Gestation Period: | |
Habitat:
A species of dense coastal forest and thicket. In Zanzibar, Aders' Duiker inhabits tall, undisturbed coral rag thicket known locally as 'msitu mkubwa' (Archer 1994). In the Arabuko-Sokoke Forest, the species inhabits Cyanometra forest (Kanga 2002b). Aders' Duiker is a browser selecting for dicotyledenous leaves, seeds, sprouts, buds and fruits (Swai 1983); and although sensitive to habitat disturbance, it occasionally occurs in secondary thicket (Williams et al. 1995, Kanga 1999).
Range:
Aders' Duiker was previously believed to be endemic to the main island of Unguja, Zanzibar, the type locality, but was subsequently found to occur in the Arabuko-Sokoke Forest on the Kenyan coast, northwest of Kilifi. Kingdon (1982) described the species as widespread in the forests, woodland and thickets north of Mombasa (Kenya) almost up to the Somali border, although he only mapped it in Arabuko-Sokoke.
Gwynne and Smith (1974) reported the presence of Ader's Duiker in the Boni Forest on the Kenya-Somalia border, but this report has been generally overlooked. The report was cited by Abel and Kille (1976) who said the species was probably still present in wooded parts of Bush Bush Game Reserve in south-west Somalia.
In 2004, an Aders' Duiker was sighted in the Dodori National Reserve north of the Tana River Delta on the north Kenya coast (Andanje and Wacher 2004). Since then extensive camera-trapping work has found that Aders' Duiker is the most frequently recorded antelope in the Boni-Dodori forests, comprised of Dodori National Reserve, Boni Forest Reserve and Boni National Reserve (Andanje et al. 2011a,b; Amin et al. 2015). This region forms the stronghold of the species. Boni National Reserve lies on the border with Somalia and the distribution may still extend into contiguous habitat on the Somali side, though there are no confirmed recent records.
There is a possibility that Aders' Duiker may have once occurred on Fundo Island, off the coast of Pemba Island (Williams 1998) and is reported to have been introduced on to Funzi Island, Pemba (Kingdon 1997), but has since become extinct on both these islands. Archer and Mwinyi (1995) mention, "unconfirmed (but) reliable reports (which) indicate a thriving population on Tumbatu Island". Further confirmation of this is yet to be forthcoming. In February 2000, five Aders' Duikers were translocated to Chumbe Island from mainland Zanzibar, where a female was already in place. Five individuals were also translocated to Mnemba Island off the north-east coast of Unguja in 2005 and are breeding (Fiske 2011, K. Siex pers. comm. in Williams 2013).
Gwynne and Smith (1974) reported the presence of Ader's Duiker in the Boni Forest on the Kenya-Somalia border, but this report has been generally overlooked. The report was cited by Abel and Kille (1976) who said the species was probably still present in wooded parts of Bush Bush Game Reserve in south-west Somalia.
In 2004, an Aders' Duiker was sighted in the Dodori National Reserve north of the Tana River Delta on the north Kenya coast (Andanje and Wacher 2004). Since then extensive camera-trapping work has found that Aders' Duiker is the most frequently recorded antelope in the Boni-Dodori forests, comprised of Dodori National Reserve, Boni Forest Reserve and Boni National Reserve (Andanje et al. 2011a,b; Amin et al. 2015). This region forms the stronghold of the species. Boni National Reserve lies on the border with Somalia and the distribution may still extend into contiguous habitat on the Somali side, though there are no confirmed recent records.
There is a possibility that Aders' Duiker may have once occurred on Fundo Island, off the coast of Pemba Island (Williams 1998) and is reported to have been introduced on to Funzi Island, Pemba (Kingdon 1997), but has since become extinct on both these islands. Archer and Mwinyi (1995) mention, "unconfirmed (but) reliable reports (which) indicate a thriving population on Tumbatu Island". Further confirmation of this is yet to be forthcoming. In February 2000, five Aders' Duikers were translocated to Chumbe Island from mainland Zanzibar, where a female was already in place. Five individuals were also translocated to Mnemba Island off the north-east coast of Unguja in 2005 and are breeding (Fiske 2011, K. Siex pers. comm. in Williams 2013).
Conservation:
Recent findings strongly indicate that the Boni-Dodori forest system is the most important known population centre for Ader's Duiker (Amin et al. 2015); and therefore securing these animals into the future is a priority. Both Boni N.R. (1,339 km2) and Dodori N.R. (877 km2) are formally protected, but neither currently has a management presence. The species is known to occur in Boni F.R. and may also occur in Lunghi F.R., between Boni and Dodori. Both sites were managed by the local counties, but have now been gazetted as Boni-Lunghi State Forest (399 km2) (Government of Kenya 2016). Arabuko-Sokoke F.R. (420 km2) is an important protected area in southern Kenya; and Jozani-Chakwa Bay N.P. and Kiwengwa Pongwe F.R. have secured part of the Aders' Duiker range on Zanzibar. Aders' Duiker has been protected under Tanzanian law since 1919, while in Kenya Aders' Duiker is a protected species.
An investigation into the feasibility and efficacy of a captive breeding programme on Zanzibar was undertaken in December 2001 (Finnie 2001). An in-country captive-breeding programme has also been proposed for Kenya (Kanga 2001) but not yet implemented.
The species’ range (except most of Boni F.R.) lies within the Coastal Forests of East Africa biodiversity hotspot. Boni and Dodori N.R.s are part of the Kiunga-Boni-Dodori Conservation Area (KWS 2013) and the whole Boni-Dodori region is part of the Tana-Kipini-(Kenya) and Laga Badana (Somalia) Landscape (World Agroforestry Centre 2014).
An investigation into the feasibility and efficacy of a captive breeding programme on Zanzibar was undertaken in December 2001 (Finnie 2001). An in-country captive-breeding programme has also been proposed for Kenya (Kanga 2001) but not yet implemented.
The species’ range (except most of Boni F.R.) lies within the Coastal Forests of East Africa biodiversity hotspot. Boni and Dodori N.R.s are part of the Kiunga-Boni-Dodori Conservation Area (KWS 2013) and the whole Boni-Dodori region is part of the Tana-Kipini-(Kenya) and Laga Badana (Somalia) Landscape (World Agroforestry Centre 2014).