Inhabits different types of deciduous and mixed forests and forest-steppes. In summer it is solitary whereas in winter it aggregates into groups of up to 20-30 individuals. During the seasonal nomadic period, it forms herds of up to 500 individuals. It is polygamous but does not form harems. Heat usually occurs from mid-July to mid-September; during this period males are territorial. Young are born in May-June; females give birth to one or two calves (rarely up to four).

The species has a wide distribution in the Palaearctic. In the European region, the Siberian Roe Deer is found in eastern European territories of the Russian Federation, from the southern parts of the Ural Mountains to the Volga-Don rivers region in the south.

Out of the European region, the species is mostly found in Asia: from the central Urals in the west to the Russian Far East, and in the mountains of Middle Asia, Mongolia, and northern and eastern China. It is also present in Kazakhstan. It has been recorded at altitudes of up to 3,300 m.

The main conservation measures are regulation of hunting and maintenance of suitable habitats on hunting grounds.