C. rhoditis inhabits lowland and montane forests. It has been found in secondary forest, but it is not known whether or not it can adapt to habitats outside of forest.

This species is endemic to the island of Sulawesi, Indonesia, where it is known only from the north-east area of endemism (Temboan and Mt. Ambang, North Sulawesi Province) (Esselstyn et al. 2021). Ruedi (1995) reported specimens from Mt. Rorekatimbo, but mitochondrially (Ruedi et al. 1998), these match the sister taxon, Crocidura pseudorhoditis. Musser (1987) reported C. rhoditis from southwestern and central Sulawesi, but those records likely represent other taxa (Esselstyn et al. 2021). Therefore, the recent taxonomic revision of this species (Esselstyn et al. 2021) has resulted in a major revision of distribution.
It has been recorded between 650 m and 1,700 m asl (Esselstyn et al. 2021).

This species occurs in Gunung Ambang Nature Reserve, and may be present in Bogani Nani National Park, but this requires confirmation. Further research on its distribution, abundance, ecology and threats are needed.