The Family Lanthanotidae contains a single living species, the earless monitor lizard (Lanthanotus borneensis), found in the rainforests of Borneo. These lizards are secretive, nocturnal, and semi-aquatic, often inhabiting slow-moving streams and swampy areas. They have elongated bodies, small limbs, and smooth, shiny scales, giving them a snake-like appearance. Lanthanotids are carnivorous, feeding on insects, small fish, and amphibians. Due to their rare sightings, limited distribution, and habitat threats, they are considered vulnerable, making them one of the least-known and most enigmatic reptile families in the world.