The family Viperidae, commonly known as vipers, belongs to the order Squamata and the suborder Serpentes. Vipers are venomous snakes characterized by long, hinged fangs that allow them to inject venom deeply into their prey. They have robust, often triangular heads, thick bodies, and keeled scales, which distinguish them from other snakes. Members of this family are found on every continent except Australia and Antarctica, inhabiting a wide range of environments from deserts to forests. Viperid venom varies by species but typically contains hemotoxins that immobilize prey and begin digestion before ingestion. They are primarily ambush predators, feeding on small mammals, birds, and amphibians, and play a vital role in controlling prey populations and maintaining ecological balance.