The order Lecanorales is a large and diverse group of mostly lichen-forming fungi within the class Lecanoromycetes. Members of this order are predominantly lichenized, forming symbiotic associations with algae or cyanobacteria, though a few are non-lichenized. Lecanorales exhibit a wide range of thallus morphologies, including crustose, foliose, and fruticose forms, and are characterized by apothecial fruiting bodies—disk- or cup-shaped structures where sexual spores are produced. They are ecologically significant, often colonizing rocky surfaces, tree bark, and soil, and play key roles in nutrient cycling and ecosystem stability. The order includes many well-known lichen families, such as Lecanoraceae, Parmeliaceae, and Cladoniaceae, and its species are widely distributed across temperate and polar regions, showing remarkable adaptability to diverse habitats.