The order Uredinales, commonly known as rust fungi, is a group of obligate plant pathogens within the phylum Basidiomycota. Rust fungi are characterized by their complex life cycles, often involving multiple spore types and sometimes requiring two different host species to complete their development (heteroecious life cycle). They primarily infect leaves, stems, and other plant tissues, forming pustules or “rust-colored” lesions that can severely reduce crop yield and quality. Morphologically, Uredinales produce distinctive urediniospores and teliospores, which play key roles in dispersal and overwintering. Rust fungi are ecologically and economically significant, affecting cereals, legumes, and a wide range of other plants, and they are studied extensively in plant pathology due to their impact on agriculture.