The family Heteroscorpionidae is a monotypic group within the order Scorpiones, comprising the genus Heteroscorpion. This family is endemic to Madagascar, with species inhabiting both humid and dry forest ecosystems across the island. Historically, Heteroscorpion was considered a subfamily within Ischnuridae but was elevated to family status in 1996 due to distinct morphological and ecological traits. Species within this family are characterized by moderate size, with adult males reaching up to 100 mm in total length. They exhibit a brownish to reddish-brown coloration, including the legs, with paler tips on the pedipalp fingers and chelicerae. Heteroscorpion species are not known to be kept in captivity and are not considered to have significant medical importance. Their distribution is limited to various zones of Madagascar, including both humid and dry forests, reflecting the island's rich biodiversity.