The Family Rhinodermatidae consists of a small group of primitive frogs, commonly known as Darwin’s frogs, found in southern Chile and Argentina. These frogs are notable for their unique reproductive behavior, in which males carry developing tadpoles in their vocal sacs until they emerge as fully formed froglets. Rhinodermatids are generally small, terrestrial, and inhabit temperate forests, often hiding under leaf litter. They are considered living fossils, retaining many ancestral traits of early frogs, and are of high conservation concern due to habitat loss and declining populations.