The Order Columbiformes comprises pigeons and doves, medium-sized birds found worldwide in a variety of habitats. They have short necks, slender bills, and compact bodies with strong flight muscles, allowing sustained and often long-distance flight. Columbiformes are primarily seed eaters, though some species also consume fruits and small invertebrates. Many produce “crop milk”, a nutrient-rich secretion to feed their young, which is unique among birds. Known for their homing ability, pigeons have been historically important in communication and domestication. They play ecological roles as seed dispersers and are culturally significant in human societies.