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| Subspecies: | Unknown |
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| Est. World Population: | 2000000-20000000 |
| CITES Status: | NOT LISTED |
| IUCN Status: | Near Threatened |
| U.S. ESA Status: | NOT LISTED |
| Body Length: | |
| Tail Length: | |
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| Weight: | |
| Top Speed: | |
| Jumping Ability: | (Horizontal) |
| Life Span: | in the Wild |
| Life Span: | in Captivity |
| Sexual Maturity: | (Females) |
| Sexual Maturity: | (Males) |
| Litter Size: | |
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Habitat:
It is a species of tropical and subtropical forest, including humid forests, secondary forest, forest edge, semi-deciduous woodland, gallery forest, coastal restinga, caatinga, mangroves, dry chaco scrub, eucalyptus plantations and forest patches within cerrado (del Hoyo and Kirwan 2020). It is tolerant of forest fragmentation and is able to persist in very small forest fragments (dos Anjos 2006, del Hoyo and Kirwan 2020). In Minas Gerais, it was recorded at higher abundances in secondary forest than in primary forest (Loures-Ribeiro et al. 2011). It feeds mainly on fruits, including those of bicuiba (Virola), sapacaia (Lecythis), murici (Byrsonima), aricanga palm (Geonoma), guarumo (Cecropia), Schinus, Psidium, Syagrus and Byrbicuiba, as well as some exotic species (del Hoyo and Kirwan 2020). It also feeds on insects, flowers and leaves (Zaca et al. 2006, del Hoyo and Kirwan 2020).
Range:
Penelope superciliaris occurs throughout much of eastern Brazil, Paraguay, eastern Bolivia, and extreme northeast Argentina. The nominate subspecies occurs in north-central and eastern Brazil, south of the the Amazon river. Subspecies jacupemba occurs in central and southern Brazil and eastern Bolivia. Subspecies major occurs in eastern Paraguay, northeast Argentina and southeast Brazil. Subspecies alagoensis occurs in northeast Brazil.
Conservation:
Conservation Actions Underway
It occurs in a number of protected areas. It is legally protected in Argentina. The subspecies P. s. alagoensis is listed as Critically Endangered in Brazil (ICMBio 2018) and is included in the National Action Plan for the Conservation of the Birds of the Atlantic Forest (ICMBio 2017). There is a captive breeding programme and individuals have been released into the wild in São Paulo, Brazil (del Hoyo and Kirwan 2020).
Conservation and Research Actions Proposed
Carry out surveys to assess the impacts of habitat loss and hunting on the species's population trend. Continue to monitor habitat loss.
Enforce existing protected areas and designate further protected areas. Enforce legislation against deforestation across its range.
It occurs in a number of protected areas. It is legally protected in Argentina. The subspecies P. s. alagoensis is listed as Critically Endangered in Brazil (ICMBio 2018) and is included in the National Action Plan for the Conservation of the Birds of the Atlantic Forest (ICMBio 2017). There is a captive breeding programme and individuals have been released into the wild in São Paulo, Brazil (del Hoyo and Kirwan 2020).
Conservation and Research Actions Proposed
Carry out surveys to assess the impacts of habitat loss and hunting on the species's population trend. Continue to monitor habitat loss.
Enforce existing protected areas and designate further protected areas. Enforce legislation against deforestation across its range.