The family Tetraonidae, within the order Galliformes, comprises the grouse, ptarmigans, and related ground-dwelling birds. These birds are generally robust, with strong legs and feathered feet adapted for walking and, in some species, for cold climates. They are primarily herbivorous, feeding on buds, leaves, seeds, and berries, though some may eat insects seasonally. Tetraonids are known for their elaborate courtship displays, often involving vocalizations and visual posturing. Most species inhabit temperate and subarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere, favoring forests, tundra, and shrublands. They are important game birds and play a key role in their ecosystems by influencing vegetation and serving as prey for predators.