The Family Neobalaenidae is a small family of baleen whales that includes only the pygmy right whale (Caperea marginata). This elusive species is found in southern hemisphere oceans, particularly around Australia, New Zealand, and South America. Neobalaenids are small compared to other baleen whales, with a distinctive arched head and baleen plates adapted for filter feeding on tiny planktonic organisms. Little is known about their behavior and population size due to their rarity and deep-ocean habitat. They represent a unique evolutionary lineage among mysticetes, providing insights into whale diversification and the evolutionary history of baleen whales.