The species has been recorded in areas of native tropical forest and mangroves on Pohnpei (G. Wiles, pers. obs.) and in Cocos forest on both Ant and Pakin Atolls (Buden 1996a,b). It feeds upon the fruit of Pandanus and endemic palms (Clinostigma spp.), and flowers of kapok trees (Ceiba pentandra) (Flannery 1995). Females give birth to one young at a time.

Pteropus molossinus is endemic to the Federated States of Micronesia where it has been recorded from the islands of Pohnpei (334 km²), Ant Atoll (1.86 km²; Buden 1996a), and Pakin Atoll (1.09 km²; Buden 1996b). All three are located within 55 km and, although data are lacking, the bats are suspected to move among the islands, especially within atolls. It is known from one location and its area of occupancy (AOO) is 336 km². 

Pteropus molossinus is listed on Appendix I of CITES, effectively prohibiting international trade in this species since 1989; monitoring to ensure compliance is prudent. The species is found in the Pohnpei Watershed Forest Reserve, where important forest habitats are protected, and Ant Atoll Conservation Area. Research is needed to determine the species’ current population status, distribution and trends throughout its range. Important roosting and foraging sites need to be identified and protected and the species’ capacity and tendency to move among Pohnpei Island, Ant Atoll, and Pakin Atoll should also be established to inform conservation and management of the three areas. Community awareness and technical training is needed to establish, facilitate, and maintain an effective monitoring program.