This species is generally associated with forested areas, and can be found roosting in remaining patches of both primary and secondary forest. It is found in the valleys of the island, as well as in plantation forests, and in remaining patches of native forests, where it feeds on fruits, flowers and young leaves. It also feeds in backyard gardens. It is thought to be an important pollinator and disperser of native trees.

This species is now confined to the western Indian Ocean island of Rodrigues (Republic of Mauritius). It ranges from sea level to the highest point of the island, Mont Limon, ca 400 m asl. Historically it was thought to be present on the island of Mauritius. Sub-fossil bones found on Round Island (Mauritius) have been ascribed to P. rodricensis, although these remains may need to be reassessed.

A successful captive breeding programme for this species was initiated by the Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, with breeding populations of this bat now maintained at 46 zoos around the world (David White, studbook keeper, 2016, pers.comm). In-situ conservation efforts have concentrated on restoration of the natural habitat, watershed protection and awareness raising among the local people through environmental education programmes (Powell and Wehnelt 2003, Trewhellaet al. 2005; www.mauritian-wildlife.org). It is listed on Appendix II of CITES.