Magnoliophyta, also known as angiosperms or flowering plants, is the largest and most diverse phylum in the plant kingdom. Members of this phylum are characterized by producing flowers and seeds enclosed within fruits, which distinguishes them from gymnosperms. Angiosperms exhibit a wide variety of forms, ranging from small herbs to massive trees, and they can inhabit nearly every terrestrial habitat. Their leaves usually have a network of veins, and their reproductive structures are highly specialized for pollination, often involving insects, birds, or wind. Magnoliophyta is ecologically and economically important, providing food, timber, medicine, and ornamental plants worldwide.