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| Subspecies: | Unknown |
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| Est. World Population: | 1000-2500 |
| CITES Status: | NOT LISTED |
| IUCN Status: | Near Threatened |
| U.S. ESA Status: | NOT LISTED |
| Body Length: | |
| Tail Length: | |
| Shoulder Height: | |
| Weight: | |
| Top Speed: | |
| Jumping Ability: | (Horizontal) |
| Life Span: | in the Wild |
| Life Span: | in Captivity |
| Sexual Maturity: | (Females) |
| Sexual Maturity: | (Males) |
| Litter Size: | |
| Gestation Period: | |
Habitat:
Occurs in humid, thermophilic forests and their ecotone with monteverde forest, including humid pine forest and laurel forest, between 50 and 1,600 m (Nogales et al. 2009, Baptista et al. 2020, Rodríguez 2021). The species has a preference for rugged areas for breeding, such as caves and ledges, where it nests on the ground amongst surrounding vegetation (Rodríguez 2021).
Range:
Endemic to the Canary Islands (to Spain), it currently inhabits the islands of La Palma, El Hierro, La Gomera, Tenerife and Gran Canaria (Rodríguez 2021), having recently been successfully reintroduced to Gran Canaria (Martín et al. 2020).
Conservation:
Conservation Actions Underway
EU Birds Directive Annex I. Bern Convention Appendix II. It is fully protected under Spanish law. Many protected areas have been established, including Garajonay National Park (La Gomera), and El Canal and Los Tiles (La Palma). The majority of areas inhabited by the species now have protected status under regional or national law (Barov and Derhé 2011). There have been several projects focused on the conservation of this species since the 1980s. An action plan was published in 1996 and reviewed in 2010 (Barov and Derhé 2011). The restoration of pine forest and thermophile forest is still pending full implementation (Barov and Derhé 2011). As part of a LIFE project (2005-2008), work has been carried out to eradicate exotic plant species, plant native species, raise public awareness and increase knowledge of the survival of different native species found in thermophilous forest. Breeding facilities have been built and so far 331 individuals have been released on Gran Canaria, with at least 50 chicks hatched in the wild (A. Martín in litt. 2016, 2020). The species has been successfully reintroduced to Gran Canaria (see Martín et al. 2020 and Robles et al. 2024).
Conservation Actions Proposed
Several conservations actions have been proposed by Rodríguez (2021) including: prepare and approve a mandatory conservation plan for the species, develop specific measures for habitat restoration and enhancing connectivity, protect existing and regenerating habitat and promote the creation of ecological corridors, eradicate/control feral livestock and introduced predators, establish drinking troughs and restore natural waterways in areas of importance to the species, increase enforcement for the control of illegal hunting, pollution, and other illegal activities which may impact the species or its habitat, ban the distribution and use of rodenticides in the form of poisoned grain and replace with other means less likely to impact this species, continue monitoring and management of the reintroduced Gran Canaria population to ensure its long-term persistence, update and continue population monitoring, and conduct research into the species' ecology, particularly its movement patterns.
EU Birds Directive Annex I. Bern Convention Appendix II. It is fully protected under Spanish law. Many protected areas have been established, including Garajonay National Park (La Gomera), and El Canal and Los Tiles (La Palma). The majority of areas inhabited by the species now have protected status under regional or national law (Barov and Derhé 2011). There have been several projects focused on the conservation of this species since the 1980s. An action plan was published in 1996 and reviewed in 2010 (Barov and Derhé 2011). The restoration of pine forest and thermophile forest is still pending full implementation (Barov and Derhé 2011). As part of a LIFE project (2005-2008), work has been carried out to eradicate exotic plant species, plant native species, raise public awareness and increase knowledge of the survival of different native species found in thermophilous forest. Breeding facilities have been built and so far 331 individuals have been released on Gran Canaria, with at least 50 chicks hatched in the wild (A. Martín in litt. 2016, 2020). The species has been successfully reintroduced to Gran Canaria (see Martín et al. 2020 and Robles et al. 2024).
Conservation Actions Proposed
Several conservations actions have been proposed by Rodríguez (2021) including: prepare and approve a mandatory conservation plan for the species, develop specific measures for habitat restoration and enhancing connectivity, protect existing and regenerating habitat and promote the creation of ecological corridors, eradicate/control feral livestock and introduced predators, establish drinking troughs and restore natural waterways in areas of importance to the species, increase enforcement for the control of illegal hunting, pollution, and other illegal activities which may impact the species or its habitat, ban the distribution and use of rodenticides in the form of poisoned grain and replace with other means less likely to impact this species, continue monitoring and management of the reintroduced Gran Canaria population to ensure its long-term persistence, update and continue population monitoring, and conduct research into the species' ecology, particularly its movement patterns.